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Wax Heart, Joseph Towne

Photograph: Owen Burke

Nor shall I conceal that modern artists have discovered the method of working in wax all sorts of colours, so that in taking portraits from the life in half-relief, they make the complexion, the hair, the clothes and all the other details so lifelike that to these figures there lacks nothing, but the spirit and the power of speech. 

Giorgio Vasari​
Le vite de’ più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori, 1568. 

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As Vasari underlined in the 16th century, it seems as if wax figures lack nothing but a breath of life, the spirit, the power of speech. Wax is a rich and complex medium that seems to lend itself, in a very natural way, to reproducing the human body. It achieves its best results above all in the depiction of the human anatomy, thanks to its boldly lifelike and extreme realism. Nobody can remain indifferent to the power of this particular kind of art. Ceroplastics is an uncomfortable and excessive art, but magical and fascinating at the same time. 

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Four decades after the pioneering Ceroplastics Congresses (Florence, 1975 and London, 1978), interest in wax modelling is now more intense and has gathered interest from the fields of Anatomy, Art History, Sculpture, Restoration, Conservation and Contemporary Art.
On the 1st, 2nd and 3rd of September 2017, for the first time in 40 years, the major institutions related to the art of Ceroplastics or Wax Modelling are going to meet again in an International Congress in London. 


This time, presented by the Gordon Museum of Pathology, King’s College and Madame Tussauds it will explore the multidisciplinary potentials of the art of Ceroplastics in Art and Science.

This Congress is the brainchild of Dr Roberta Ballestriero who spent the last 20 years researching the art of ceroplastic (wax modelling) in Italy, Spain and the UK. A long-harboured dream was finally made possible thanks to a collaboration with a team of multi-disciplinary experts in this field.

They include;


Mr. Bill Edwards, curator of the Gordon Museum of Pathology and senior tutor at the King’s College where the largest collection of scientific wax models of Joseph Towne is kept. 
Eleanor Crook, artist in residence at the Gordon Museum and one of the main artistic authorities in the contemporary wax modelling for the last 30 years. 
Mr. Francis Wells, renowned cardio surgeon from Cambridge with a long-standing interest in the Arts and the relation between art and science. 
Dr Francesco Maria Galassi, paleopathologist from the Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, who examines the importance of wax models in the history and evolution of ancient pathologies to the benefit of contemporary medical research. 
Pascale Pollier, Belgian artist, President of AEIMS Association Européenne des Illustrateurs Médicaux et Scientifiques and talented wax modeller. Owen Burke, former medical physicist, photographer and graphic artist.


So far a wonderful variety of national and international speakers, coming from important institutions, have agreed to participate in the congress covering many of the different aspects of this fascinating and peculiar art:

  • Madame Tussauds: will present the history of waxworks, its historical importance and psychology.

  • Gordon Museum: holds the largest collection of anatomical, pathological and dermatological waxes of Joseph Towne (1806-1879), the first and the only anatomical ceroplastic artist known in the UK. 

  • Museum of Zoology and Natural History “La Specola”, Florence: will present one of the oldest and finest collections of anatomical wax models of the 18th century from the ‘new model’ of scientific museum pioneered in the Enlightenment. 

  • Museo Olavide, Madrid: will talk about the recently rediscovered collection of Spanish dermatological moulages.

  • The Victoria and Albert Museum: will show some of the beautiful, largely unknown, wax models and sketches from the 16th to the 19th century.

  • Westminster Abbey: will present the funeral masks and effigies of the Royal Family.

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The approach of conservation and restoration of wax artefacts will be presented by revered institutions such as the Opificio delle Pietre dure of Florence, the Westminster Abbey conservator and the V&A of London.
British artist Eleanor Crook and Belgian artist Pascale Pollier will talk of the art of sculpting in wax, running some wax workshops in the Gordon Museum premises and with and exhibition of contemporary artworks made in this fascinating material. 

This will also be the occasion to introduce the “Pygmalion Society”, the first academic society and registered charity of its kind dedicated to the interdisciplinary academic study of the art and social history of wax as an artistic medium. An organisation with the aim to support and expand all research, publishing and collaboration within the wax medium in its historical, artistic and scientific context. 

The advantageous characteristics of wax have led to the use of this material over the centuries for numerous purposes and it is the aim of this congress to explore many of them.


This project is intended as a fantastic opportunity for the gathering of experts, professionals and artists who are interested and engaged in the study, conservation, development and protection of collections and works of art created in this material.

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Wax Modelling London 2017

President: Roberta Ballestriero (London) 
Vice Presidents: Bill Edwards (London), Eleanor Crook (London)
Organising Committee: 
Francesco Maria Galassi (Zurich), Francis Wells (Cambridge), Pascale Pollier (Belgium)
Webmaster: Owen Burke (London) 

The Gordon Museum

King's College London Guy's Campus
Hodgkin Building, King's College Guys Campus, Newcomen St, London SE1 1UL

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